BAH\u00c7IVAN VE \u00d6L\u00dcM<\/b>\u2019\u00dc N\u0130\u00c7\u0130N SEVD\u0130M?\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n
As\u0131l ad\u0131 Fran\u00e7ois Marie Arouet (1694-1778) olan Voltaire ile tan\u0131\u015fmam Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n son zamanlar\u0131nda R\u00fc\u015ftiye\u2019de okuyup her g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerinde bana Frans\u0131z \u0130htilali\u2019ni anlatan b\u00fcy\u00fcklerim sayesinde oldu. G\u00fcng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f dostlar\u0131m Voltaire\u2019i tek ba\u015f\u0131na anmaz yan\u0131na mutlaka Montesquieu ve Rousseau\u2019yu da eklerdi. Bu bahis onlara b\u00f6yle ezberletilmi\u015fti. Ezberletilmi\u015fti diyorum \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc hepsi ayn\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fck ve kelime kal\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130lk Avrupa izlenimlerimizin \u00e7o\u011fu b\u00f6yle de\u011fil midir?<\/p>\n
III. Selim devrinde (1789-1807) d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapan At\u0131f Efendi\u2019nin padi\u015faha sunmak i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 M\u00fcv\u00e2zene-i Politike adl\u0131 layihada ihtilal hakk\u0131nda bilgi verirken \u201cRuso ve Volter gibi me\u015fh\u00fbr z\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131n ve anlar misill\u00fc dehr\u00eelerin eserleriyle hus\u00fble gelmi\u015f bir fisk u f\u00fccur c\u00fcmb\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u2026<\/b>\u201d1<\/a> ifadeleriyle yer verdi\u011fi bu kafadarlarla ilgili \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan \u201cz\u0131nd\u0131k\u201d (dinsiz) ve \u201cdehr\u00ee\u201d (materyalist) nitelemelerinin \u0130stanbul<\/a>\u2019dan d\u00fcnya ve Fransa\u2019n\u0131n nas\u0131l g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc anlamak i\u00e7in alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmek gerekir. Efendi\u2019ye g\u00f6re ihtilalin kendisi de bir fitne kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Voltaire, Frans\u0131z Ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fclerinden.<\/p>\n Toplumsal, din\u00ee, politik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel konulardaki \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131-radikal ele\u015ftirileriyle zaman\u0131n\u0131n bir\u00e7ok inan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sarst\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in gelece\u011fin de \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7anlardan.<\/p>\n Bu yaz\u0131da bizi daha \u00e7ok 1759 y\u0131l\u0131nda kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Candide ya da \u0130yimserlik<\/b>2<\/a> adl\u0131 eseri ilgilendiriyor. T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede saf, temiz, masum anlamlar\u0131na gelen Candide adl\u0131 kahraman\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na gelen g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 ve trajik olaylar\u0131n ironik bir dille okura sunuldu\u011fu bu ser\u00fcven kitab\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda iyimser d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn mottosu olan Leibniz\u2019in \u201cHer \u015fey olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi gibi olur; bu d\u00fcnya m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan d\u00fcnyalar\u0131n en iyisidir.\u201d veya k\u0131sa bir s\u00f6yleyi\u015fle \u201cHer \u015fey olaca\u011f\u0131na var\u0131r.\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na olan inanc\u0131n ele\u015ftirisidir. Otuz b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fan eserde Candide\u2019in ba\u015f\u0131na gelenler i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f hik\u00e2yeler \u015feklinde ve \u00e7er\u00e7eve anlat\u0131 y\u00f6ntemiyle okurlar\u0131n dikkatlerine sunulur.<\/p>\n Arkada\u015flar\u0131 iyimser felsefeci Pangloss ve karamsar felsefeci Martin ile d\u00fcnyada ayak basmad\u0131k yer b\u0131rakmayan Almanya\u2019dan Hollanda<\/a>\u2019ya, Paraguay\u2019dan \u00fctopik \u00fclke Eldorado\u2019ya, \u0130talya<\/a>\u2019dan T\u00fcrkiye<\/a>\u2019ye kadar hemen her co\u011frafyaya giden Candide, bu gezileri s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok olumsuzlukla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n en dikkat \u00e7ekici, yak\u0131c\u0131 ve ger\u00e7ek olan\u0131 \u201c1755 Lizbon Depremi<\/b>\u201d ve akabinde ya\u015fananlard\u0131r: Voltaire, i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n dinsel uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar sa\u00e7ma oldu\u011funu metnin alt\u0131nc\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serer. Lizbon\u2019un d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc yok eden depremin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu korku ikliminde devrin \u00f6nde gelenleri bir t\u00f6ren e\u015fli\u011finde insanlar\u0131 yakmay\u0131 zor g\u00fcnlerden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00e7aresi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcrler ki bu karar\u0131n arkas\u0131nda Koimbra \u00dcniversitesi ve din bilginleri vard\u0131r. Voltaire tamamen yarars\u0131z g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu dinsel t\u00f6reni g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 duruma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr ve alayc\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla okurlar\u0131n dikkatine sunar. (Bir daha deprem olmas\u0131n diye, \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n Biscayen b\u00f6lgesinden bir adamla, iki Portekizli ate\u015fe at\u0131l\u0131r ve yak\u0131l\u0131r.)3<\/a><\/p>\n Almanya\u2019da asker olur Candide, Hollanda\u2019da a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lan\u0131r, dostu Pangloss\u2019u amans\u0131z bir hastal\u0131\u011fa yakalanm\u0131\u015f olarak bulur, Portekiz\u2019de engizisyon<\/a> mahkemesinde ac\u0131mas\u0131z bir cezaya \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, insan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr. Amerika\u2019n\u0131n yerlileri taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7i\u011f \u00e7i\u011f yenilmekten son anda kurtulur, Fransa\u2019da tuza\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fer ve paralar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ald\u0131r\u0131r, \u0130talya\u2019da ta\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, tahtlar\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015f alt\u0131 kral\u0131n ser\u00fcvenlerini dinler ve sonunda hayat\u0131n s\u0131rr\u0131n\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019da \u00e7\u00f6zer. Bu ayd\u0131nlanma \u015f\u00f6yle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir: Anlat\u0131n\u0131n sonuna do\u011fru Pangloss, Martin, Cacambo, Cun\u00e9gonde ve Candide\u2019den olu\u015fan kafilenin paralar\u0131 biter ve bunlar\u0131n imdad\u0131na \u0130stanbul\u2019da kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 ya\u015fl\u0131 bir dervi\u015f\/bah\u00e7\u0131van yeti\u015fir. Bu T\u00fcrk onlara, i\u00e7inde bulunduklar\u0131 zor durumdan kurtulman\u0131n yolunu g\u00f6sterecektir.<\/p>\n Bahsin daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kitab\u0131n son k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 yer yer iktibaslar yaparak ele almak isterim. \u0130stanbul\u2019a yolu d\u00fc\u015fen bu kafileye bir T\u00fcrk evinde onlar\u0131 rahatlatacak ikramlar yap\u0131l\u0131r ve Candide ile dervi\u015f\/bah\u00e7\u0131van aras\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle bir konu\u015fma ge\u00e7er:<\/p>\n \u201cCandide T\u00fcrk\u2019e:<\/p>\n -Geni\u015f ve pek verimli bir topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131z olsa gerek, dedi.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrk:<\/p>\n -Yaln\u0131z yirmi d\u00f6n\u00fcml\u00fck! Bu topra\u011f\u0131, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131mla birlikte eker bi\u00e7erim; \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, <\/b>bizden \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck kusuru, can <\/b>s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, <\/b>k\u00f6t\u00fc <\/b>al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 <\/b>ve <\/b>yoksullu\u011fu uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r<\/b>, dedi.<\/p>\n Candide, \u00e7iftli\u011fine d\u00f6nerken, T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn s\u00f6zleri hakk\u0131nda derin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere dald\u0131 yolda. Martin ve Pangloss\u2019a:<\/p>\n -Bana \u00f6yle geliyor ki, bu ya\u015fl\u0131 adam\u0131n, birlikte yemek yemek onurunu tatt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z alt\u0131 kral\u0131n talihlerine ye\u011flenecek bir talihi var, dedi.\u201d<\/p>\n Dervi\u015fin\/bah\u00e7\u0131van\u0131n hikmet dolu s\u00f6zleri Candide ve yan\u0131ndakilere o g\u00fcne kadar ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 sorgulat\u0131r.<\/p>\n Candide arkada\u015flar\u0131yla konu\u015fmaya devam eder:<\/p>\n \u201c-Bah\u00e7emize bakmam\u0131z\u0131n da gerekti\u011fini biliyorum, dedi.<\/p>\n Pangloss:<\/p>\n -Hakk\u0131n\u0131z var! \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc insan cennete konuldu\u011funda, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in konulmu\u015ftur; bu da, insan\u0131n yat\u0131p kalkmak i\u00e7in yarat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131tlar, dedi.<\/p>\n Martin:<\/p>\n -\u015eu halde, kafa yormadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m; bu da, ya\u015fam\u0131 dayan\u0131l\u0131r k\u0131lman\u0131n tek yoludur, dedi.<\/p>\n O bir avu\u00e7 insan, bu \u00f6v\u00fcn\u00fclecek amaca y\u00f6neldi; kendi yetene\u011fini ortaya koymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 her biri. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck toprak \u00e7ok \u00fcr\u00fcn verdi. Cunegonde ger\u00e7ekten pek \u00e7irkindi, ancak \u00e7ok usta bir pastac\u0131 oldu; Paquette, nak\u0131\u015f i\u015fledi; ya\u015fl\u0131 kad\u0131n, \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00fczerine ald\u0131. Papaz Giroflee de i\u015fe yarad\u0131; usta bir marangoz olup \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve erdem sahibi bile oldu.<\/p>\n Pangloss, kimi zaman Candide\u2019e:<\/p>\n -Olabilecek d\u00fcnyalar\u0131n en iyisinde birbirine ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r b\u00fct\u00fcn olaylar; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc, Matmazel Cunegonde\u2019un a\u015fk\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fczel bir \u015fatodan k\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131za tekme yiyip kovulmam\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131n\u0131z, Engizisyon zulm\u00fcne u\u011framam\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131n\u0131z, yaya olarak Amerika\u2019y\u0131 dola\u015fmam\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131n\u0131z, Baron Hazretlerine bir k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 darbesi indirmemi\u015f olsayd\u0131n\u0131z, g\u00fczel Eldorado \u00fclkesinden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z b\u00fct\u00fcn koyunlar\u0131 yitirmemi\u015f olsayd\u0131n\u0131z, burada turun\u00e7 re\u00e7eliyle f\u0131st\u0131k yiyemezdiniz, diyordu.<\/p>\n Candide de, \u015f\u00f6yle yan\u0131tl\u0131yordu onu:<\/p>\n –Bunlar g\u00fczel s\u00f6zler, ama bah\u00e7emize <\/b>bakmam\u0131z <\/b>gerek!<\/b>\u201d4<\/a><\/p>\n Candide\u2019e ya\u015fam\u0131n ama\u00e7 ve anlam\u0131n\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019da kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir dervi\u015f\/bah\u00e7\u0131van \u00f6\u011fretir. Bir T\u00fcrk k\u00f6yl\u00fcs\u00fcyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131ncaya kadar ge\u00e7irilen zaman farkl\u0131 boyutlarda birbirinin tekrar\u0131 gibidir. T\u00fcrk k\u00f6yl\u00fcs\u00fc k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck ve karamsarl\u0131kla y\u00fcz y\u00fcze gelmemenin yolunu kendi bah\u00e7esine (k\u00f6\u015fesine) \u00e7ekilmekte bulmu\u015ftur ki Candide\u2019in bireysel ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131n\u0131n merkezinde bu tav\u0131r vard\u0131r. (Burada bir di\u011fer soru \u201cNi\u00e7in \u0130stanbul ve T\u00fcrk k\u00f6yl\u00fcs\u00fc?\u201d olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun cevab\u0131n\u0131 felsefeci dostlar\u0131m\u0131z ne kadar \u00e7\u00f6zd\u00fcler bilemem ama benim akl\u0131ma \u201cDo\u011fu Roma\u201d geliyor. Yazar, \u0130stanbul\u2019un ge\u00e7mi\u015fine g\u00f6nderme yap\u0131yor olabilir.)<\/p>\n \u0130stanbul tecr\u00fcbesinden sonra Candide zaman\u0131n\u0131 bo\u015fa ge\u00e7irdi\u011fini anlar ve ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir\u00e7ok felaketin pe\u015fi s\u0131ra hik\u00e2yenin kahramanlar\u0131n\u0131 bir araya toplar ve onlara birer i\u015f verir. Hepsini bir u\u011fra\u015fa\/amaca ba\u011flar ve insanl\u0131k tarihinin belki de en etkili s\u00f6zlerinden biriyle eserine noktay\u0131 koyar: \u201cBunlar g\u00fczel s\u00f6zler, ama bah\u00e7emize <\/b>bakmam\u0131z <\/b>gerek!<\/b>\u201d<\/p>\n Bah\u00e7eye d\u00f6nmek insan\u0131n kendine, \u00f6z\u00fcne d\u00f6nmesidir her \u015feyden \u00f6nce. S\u00f6ze de, i\u015fe de en yak\u0131ndan ve m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olandan ba\u015flamakt\u0131r. Eme\u011fe, insana, topra\u011fa, tohuma, buluta inanmakt\u0131r. Bah\u00e7eye d\u00f6nmek, bah\u00e7\u0131vanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 akla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve temelde topra\u011fa g\u00f6nderme yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in akl\u0131ma \u201cBenim y\u00fcz\u00fcm yerde gerek \/ Bana rahmet yerden ya\u011far.\u201d dizelerini getirir. Bah\u00e7\u0131van\/dervi\u015f olmak insana, topra\u011fa ve toprakta yeti\u015fenlerin hepsine (k\u00fcllisine) yolda\u015f olmak demektir de. Zihnimizi, akl\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, kalbimizi i\u015flemeliyiz, yeni d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere, hayallere yelken a\u00e7mal\u0131y\u0131z demektir \u201cBah\u00e7emize bakmam\u0131z gerek.\u201d demek. Bu muhte\u015fem final i\u00e7in \u0130stanbul\u2019dan ve Kara\u00e7am\u2019daki bah\u00e7emden Voltaire\u2019e sel\u00e2mlar g\u00f6nderiyorum, bir g\u00fcn At\u0131f Efendi\u2019yle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rsam onunla Voltaire zann\u0131n\u0131 konu\u015fmak isterim. Faruk Nafiz\u2019in \u201cSana k\u00e2fir dediler di\u015f biledim Hakk\u2019a bile.\u201d keskinli\u011finde ve z\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olmas\u0131n isterim bu musahabe. \u201cBah\u00e7\u0131vanlar generallerden \/ Menek\u015feler mermilerden daha azd\u0131 \/ Yenilmi\u015fti d\u00fcnya\u201d diyen Mevl\u00e2na \u0130dris\u2019e rahmet olsun. \u201cNe olur g\u00fcllerin peygamberi \/ G\u00f6zleri kapanm\u0131\u015f son bah\u00e7\u0131van \/ Beni kurtar melankoli sokaklar\u0131ndan\u201d diyen \u00d6mer Erdem\u2019e ve onun \u0130stanbul\u2019una da selam olsun.<\/p>\n Ve s\u0131ra son romanc\u0131 kahramanlar\u0131mdan biri olan Gospodinov\u2019da.<\/p>\n \u0130ki yazar ve eser aras\u0131nda k\u0131sa bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc kural\u0131m, ilk soru hemen gelsin: Gospo Candide ya da \u0130yimserlik\u2019i okudu mu sizce? \u0130\u00e7 sesim k\u0131s\u0131k bir tonda da olsa \u201cevet\u201d diyor, sizinkini bilemem. Voltaire\u2019in bah\u00e7\u0131van\u0131 ile Gospo\u2019nunki aras\u0131nda ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f ve s\u00f6ylem bak\u0131m\u0131ndan benzerlikler var. Aileler, topra\u011fa bak\u0131\u015f ve topra\u011f\u0131 i\u015fleyi\u015f, bah\u00e7eyle ha\u015f\u0131r ne\u015fir olman\u0131n sa\u011faltt\u0131\u011f\u0131 (veya unutturdu\u011fu) aksakl\u0131klar\u2026 En \u00f6nemlisi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ayakta tuttu\u011fu ge\u00e7mi\u015f, g\u00fcn ve gelecek yahut birey, aile ve toplum.<\/p>\n Bah\u00e7\u0131van ve \u00d6l\u00fcm\u2019\u00fcn5<\/a> bize \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fimdilik t\u00fcm ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla if\u015fa etmeden Voltaire\u2019i kendi zaman\u0131na \u0131\u015f\u0131nlay\u0131p Georgi Gospodinov\u2019a ve kitab\u0131na d\u00f6nelim.<\/p>\n Akademik hayat\u0131 tecr\u00fcbe edenler bilirler ki bu i\u015fi yapanlar\u0131n bitmez t\u00fckenmez i\u015fleri, mesaileri ve kenarda okunmay\u0131 bekleyen kitaplar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu kitaplar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7\u0131kmaz sat\u0131n alsalar da\u2026 (Ger\u00e7i belli bir unvana \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra kitap almaya devam eden akademisyen kald\u0131 m\u0131 bilmiyorum ama kalanlara sel\u00e2m olsun!) S\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131 bekleyen kitaplar g\u00fcncelliklerini kaybeder. Hatta bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n kapaklar\u0131 sararmaya harfleri solmaya ba\u015flar. Gospo\u2019nun kitab\u0131n\u0131 evde masan\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fcnce, ad\u0131n\u0131n itkisiyle olacak, \u015f\u00f6yle bir g\u00f6z atmadan edemedim. Sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnk\u00f6r\u00fc \u00e7evirip bir kenara koyma niyetiyle elime ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m kitap bana direnmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bir sayfa bir sayfa daha, bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm daha derken\u2026 Bah\u00e7\u0131van ve \u00d6l\u00fcm\u2019de o g\u00fcne kadar ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131m d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir \u015feyler olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u015eiirsel dili beni etkisi alt\u0131na almaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131, kitap \u00e7eviri oldu\u011fu h\u00e2lde. Epigraflardan, roman\u0131n ilk c\u00fcmlesi \u201cBabam bah\u00e7\u0131vand\u0131. \u015eimdi bir bah\u00e7e.\u201d ifadesinden, alt\u0131n\u0131 \u0131slatan pederin \u00e7ocuklara mahcubiyetinden, bunlar\u0131n pe\u015fi s\u0131ra s\u0131k s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131ma \u00e7\u0131kan \u201ckorkacak bir \u015fey yok\u201d leitmotifinden, geride b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n her \u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 yoklu\u011fuyla dolduran baban\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden, derken derken bir de bakt\u0131m ki roman\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birini bitirmi\u015fim.<\/p>\n Bah\u00e7\u0131van ve \u00d6l\u00fcm kendini dayatmayan halim-selim, uslu romanlara benzemiyordu. Kitab\u0131 koltu\u011fa b\u0131rak\u0131p evi birka\u00e7 kere turlad\u0131m, \u00fcst\u00fcmdeki b\u00fcy\u00fc kalks\u0131n istedim. Kurtulu\u015f yoktu, kitap beni kendine \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131yordu. (Bu hissi \u00e7ok az kitapta ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131m: Hanc\u0131, Erenlerin Ba\u011f\u0131ndan, Dostluk \u00dczerine, Hasret Damlalar\u0131, Yabanc\u0131, Haney Ya\u015famal\u0131, Tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Me\u015fhurlar, Bir Varm\u0131\u015f Bir Yokmu\u015f Portreler, Bu \u00dclke, \u00c7ile, Kuvay\u0131 Milliye, Yel De\u011firmenleri, H\u00fcz\u00fcn ki En \u00c7ok Yak\u0131\u015fand\u0131r Bize vb.) Yar\u0131m b\u0131rak\u0131lmayacak bir dil ve tematik \u00f6rg\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u00e7inde bulmu\u015ftum kendimi. Kur\u015fun kalem e\u015fli\u011finde bir kere daha oturdum Bah\u00e7\u0131van ve \u00d6l\u00fcm\u2019\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131na. Y\u0131llard\u0131r vazge\u00e7medi\u011fim bir huyum var: Kitaplarda be\u011fendi\u011fim, etkilendi\u011fim, \u00f6zg\u00fcn ve farkl\u0131 buldu\u011fum, o g\u00fcne kadar okuduklar\u0131mla z\u0131tl\u0131k veya paralellik g\u00f6steren yerlerin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izer, onlar\u0131n sayfa numaralar\u0131 ile ana fikirlerini kitab\u0131n arkas\u0131ndaki bo\u015f sayfaya kaydederim. Bu y\u00f6ntemi Gospo\u2019ya da uygulad\u0131m. \u0130yi ki kur\u015fun kalemi bulmaya \u00fc\u015fenip ilk okuyu\u015fta be\u011fendi\u011fim yerlerin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmekten vazge\u00e7memi\u015fim. \u0130kinci okuyu\u015fta, ilkindeki dikkat buharla\u015f\u0131yor, bir \u015fehre ikinci defa gidiyormu\u015f hissine benzer bir duygu ile daha \u00f6zensiz ve meraks\u0131z ilerliyorsunuz. \u0130\u015fte o ilk okuyu\u015ftan, o okuyu\u015fta alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi\u011fim yerlerden yola \u00e7\u0131karak yaz\u0131yorum bu yaz\u0131y\u0131. Bu yaz\u0131 biraz da kendi dikkatimi teraziye \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131m metinlerden biri olacak. Kendi bireysel tarihime not d\u00fc\u015fece\u011fim. Okur bu tavr\u0131m\u0131 kendisine sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k olarak alg\u0131lamazsa sevinirim. Yazmak, ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na okuru \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran, sen de gel Candide gibi benimle y\u00fcr\u00fc, yeni yerler, insanlar ke\u015ffet mesaj\u0131 de\u011fil mi?<\/p>\n Ba\u015fl\u0131yorum o h\u00e2lde. Otuz y\u0131ll\u0131k gurbet ser\u00fcveninden k\u00f6y\u00fcne d\u00f6nen, bah\u00e7esini yeniden ke\u015ffeden insan dikkati ve \u00f6zeniyle. A\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n, \u00e7i\u00e7eklerin, otlar\u0131n, meyvelerin, suyun dilini yeniden \u00f6\u011frenmenin tel\u00e2\u015f\u0131yla. Topra\u011f\u0131n ve g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcn himmetiyle bir de.<\/p>\n Alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi\u011fim ilk paragrafa birlikte bakal\u0131m:<\/p>\n \u201cK\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckken k\u00fct\u00fcphaneden sadece birinci \u015fah\u0131s a\u011fz\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kitaplar\u0131 se\u00e7erdim \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlarda ba\u015fkahraman\u0131n \u00f6lmedi\u011fini bilirdim.<\/p>\n Eh, ger\u00e7ek kahraman\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6lmesine ra\u011fmen birinci \u015fah\u0131s a\u011fz\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir kitap bu. Sadece hik\u00e2yelerin anlat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 hayatta kal\u0131yor, ama onlar da bir g\u00fcn \u00f6lecek.<\/p>\n Sadece hik\u00e2yeler hayatta kalacak.<\/p>\n Ve babam\u0131n aram\u0131zdan ayr\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce yeti\u015ftirdi\u011fi bah\u00e7e.<\/p>\n Muhtemelen bu y\u00fczden hik\u00e2ye anlat\u0131r\u0131z. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n ve i\u00e7indeki her \u015feyin yerli yerinde oldu\u011fu bir ba\u015fka paralel koridor yaratmak i\u00e7in, tehlike ve \u00f6l\u00fcm ak\u0131n etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda anlat\u0131y\u0131 ba\u015fka bir tarha y\u00f6nlendirmek i\u00e7in, t\u0131pk\u0131 bah\u00e7\u0131van\u0131n bah\u00e7ede suyu bir sonraki tarha y\u00f6nlendirmesi gibi.<\/p>\n Bu sayfalarda \u0131\u015f\u0131k olsun istiyorum, yumu\u015fak \u00f6\u011fle sonras\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131. Bu kitap \u00f6l\u00fcm hakk\u0131nda de\u011fil, sona eren bir hayat i\u00e7in duyulan h\u00fcz\u00fcn hakk\u0131nda. Arada fark var. Bu, sadece onun bal dolu pete\u011fi i\u00e7in de\u011fil, pete\u011fin bo\u015f h\u00fccreleri i\u00e7in de duyulan bir h\u00fcz\u00fcn, hatta o \u00e7ok daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc. Elimizdeki mumlar\u0131n dahi yan\u0131p t\u00fckenirken hat\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131 o petek i\u00e7in duyulan h\u00fcz\u00fcn.<\/p>\n Babam\u0131n dedi\u011fi gibi, korkacak bir \u015fey yok.\u201d (s. 12)<\/p>\n Yukar\u0131daki al\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 tamamlayan birka\u00e7 c\u00fcmleye daha rastl\u0131yorum Gospo\u2019yla yap\u0131lan bir m\u00fclakatta. B\u00f6yledir b\u00fcy\u00fck yazarlar, bir s\u00f6ylediklerini (veya kitaplar\u0131n\u0131) bir ba\u015fka s\u00f6yledikleriyle (veya kitaplar\u0131yla) anlar yahut ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Yahya Kemal\u2019in, Tanp\u0131nar\u2019\u0131n, Cahit S\u0131tk\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, Necatigil\u2019in, \u0130lhan Berk\u2019in \u015fiirlerini anlamak i\u00e7in nas\u0131l di\u011fer eserlerini sat\u0131r sat\u0131r sindirmek gerekiyorsa \u00f6yle.<\/p>\n Gospo\u2019ya kulak verelim ve iki al\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 birbirine eklemleyelim o h\u00e2lde: \u201cBence yazmak da, bah\u00e7\u0131vanl\u0131k da \u00f6z\u00fcnde ertelemektir; \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ertelemek, sonu ertelemek. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan asl\u0131nda hepimiz \u015eehrazad gibiyiz. Nas\u0131l ki o her gece bir hik\u00e2ye anlatarak bir g\u00fcn daha kazan\u0131yor ve \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc erteliyordu, biz de ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131yoruz. \u0130nsan hik\u00e2ye anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn alan\u0131nda kal\u0131r. Ben diye anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6yk\u00fcde \u00f6lmezsin. Ve eklemek isterim, babam tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m en iyi hik\u00e2ye anlat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131, ama onun hik\u00e2yesi bah\u00e7eydi. Ve onun bah\u00e7esi benim roman\u0131ma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.\u201d6<\/a><\/p>\n Baba, bah\u00e7e ve hik\u00e2yeden hareketle \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fck fikrine do\u011fru yol alan Bulgar yazara bir kere daha \u015fapka \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n Candide gibi seyahat etmek de asl\u0131nda gidilen yerler, g\u00f6r\u00fclen insanlar, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan hadiseler ba\u011flam\u0131nda hik\u00e2ye yazmak (veya \u201chik\u00e2yeyi ya\u015famak\u201d) de\u011fil midir? Bir \u00e2n\u0131\/g\u00fcn\u00fc dolu dolu ge\u00e7irmek \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ertelemek (veya unutmak) de\u011fil midir?<\/p>\n Ferit Edg\u00fc de koromuza kat\u0131l\u0131r. \u201cDo Sesi\u201dnin7<\/a> epigraf\u0131nda \u201cBana, bir g\u00fcn, \u2018Do sesini verdim, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc yendim\u2019 diyen Semiha Berksoy\u2019a\u201d diyerek bu izle\u011fe g\u00f6nderme yapmaz m\u0131? Ses vermek, ya\u015fam\u0131n devam etti\u011fine i\u015faret eder ve hayat\u0131n d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na ba\u011flar kendisine kulak kabartan t\u00fcm evreni.<\/p>\n (\u201cSes duymak ister insan, kendinde ve \u00e7evresinde. F\u0131trattand\u0131r bu. Yapraklar\u0131n h\u0131\u015f\u0131rt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 dinlemesi bundand\u0131r, bundand\u0131r denizlerin dalgalar\u0131na, derelerin ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na dal\u0131p gitmesi. \u201cVar\u201d\u0131m demektir biraz da nabz\u0131n\u0131n atmas\u0131, kalbinin \u00e7arpmas\u0131. Tohumun toprakta, tomurcu\u011fun dalda \u00e7atlamas\u0131n\u0131 duymas\u0131 bundand\u0131r. Hep bir sestir arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hep bir sestir umdu\u011fu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc en \u00e7ok sessizlik yorar insan\u0131.\u201d)<\/p>\n Gospo\u2019dan alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi\u011fim ilk paragrafta anlat\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7ocuklu\u011funa g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr bizi. Kendimizi k\u00fct\u00fcphanede ve \u201cben\u201d anlat\u0131c\u0131yla yaz\u0131lan kitaplar\u0131n d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda buluruz. Kurguda \u00f6l\u00fcme en uzak anlat\u0131c\u0131 \u201cben\u201d anlat\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r ve yazar, hayat\u0131n ac\u0131mas\u0131z ger\u00e7e\u011fiyle aras\u0131na mesafe koymak ister. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m ve tav\u0131r Muriel Rukeyser\u2019in \u201cEvren\u00a0<\/b>hik\u00e2yelerden olu\u015fur<\/b>,\u00a0<\/b>atomlardan de\u011fil<\/b>.<\/b>\u201d\u00a0 s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn modern bir yorumu gibidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her \u015fey gittikten ve yittikten sonra geriye dilin (veya sanat\u0131n) bug\u00fcne ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 kal\u0131r ve bunlar\u0131n hik\u00e2yesi bir \u015fekilde belle\u011fe tutunur. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fi bug\u00fcne ta\u015f\u0131r dil (ve sanat) bug\u00fcn\u00fc gelece\u011fe. \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcn elinden bir \u015feyleri kurtarmaya sanat d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir insan eme\u011finin g\u00fcc\u00fc yetmez.<\/p>\n Topra\u011f\u0131 k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t, zemin, tuval olarak kullananlar (dervi\u015fler\/bah\u00e7\u0131vanlar\/sanat\u00e7\u0131lar) kendi dilleriyle, me\u015frepleriyle sadece hik\u00e2ye yazmaz\/anlatmaz, ders de verirler. Hangi dilden ve me\u015frepten olursa olsun, toprakla birlikte bir kalem ve bir yaz\u0131c\u0131 bulmak yeterlidir \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn elinden bir \u015feyler koparmak i\u00e7in. Hayat\u0131, hakk\u0131n\u0131 vererek ya\u015fayanlar i\u00e7in \u201ckorkacak bir \u015fey yok\u201dtur asl\u0131nda, \u00f6l\u00fcm t\u0131rpan\u0131 \u00f6nce ya\u015famayanlar\u0131 ve ya\u015fanmam\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 bi\u00e7er.<\/p>\n Ve bu yaz\u0131 burada bitmez. Alt\u0131 \u00e7izili yerler \u00fczerinden devam eder, edecek de.<\/p>\n 1<\/a> M. Orhan Okay, Bat\u0131l\u0131la\u015fma Devri T\u00fcrk Edebiyat\u0131, Derg\u00e2h Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 2016, s. 51.<\/p>\n 2<\/a> Voltaire, Candide ya da \u0130yimserlik, \u00e7ev. Server Tanilli, Adam Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 2000, 239 s.<\/p>\n 3<\/a> https:\/\/dergipark.org.tr\/tr\/download\/article-file\/594218<\/a><\/p>\n 4<\/a> Voltaire, Candide ya da \u0130yimserlik, \u00e7ev. Server Tanilli, Adam Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 2000, s. 234-239.<\/p>\n 5<\/a> Georgi Gospodinov, Bah\u00e7\u0131van ve \u00d6l\u00fcm, Metis Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 2025, 201 s.<\/p>\n 6<\/a> Eyl\u00fcl G\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, \u201cRomanlar\u0131mda \u015eiir Ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yap\u0131yorum\u201d, K24, 4 Aral\u0131k 2025. ( Bilgi i\u00e7in bkz. https:\/\/www.k24kitap.org\/georgi-gospodinov-ile-roportaj-romanlarimda-siir-kacakciligi-yapiyorum-5467<\/a> )<\/p>\n